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How to Study for MCAT


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MCAT Study Materials: How to Study for MCAT? 100th percentile MCAT Experience

What is the MCAT?
The MCAT is the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). As implied by its name, the MCAT is the standardized exam required for medical school admission, including allopathic M.D. and osteopathic D.O. programs in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the Caribbean Islands. You’re also eligible to take the exam if you are applying to podiatric (D.P.M.) and veterinary (D.V.M.) programs.
When should I take the MCAT?
What is the average score on the MCAT?
The MCAT is scored in a range from 472 to 528, with each of the four sections being scored from 118 to 132. In 2022, the average score was 501.6, but the average score for matriculants was 511.9.
What score should I aim for on the MCAT?
It depends! As with all exams, the higher the score, most likely the better, but you will define your target score based on your desired medical school(s). You can subscribe to AAMC’s free Medical School Admission Requirements (MSAR) page to find the average MCAT score for your desired medical school(s). You can aim to achieve that score, and you don’t have to surpass it—after a certain point, there are diminishing returns and that time is probably better used to dedicate to other parts of your application.
What is the structure of the MCAT?
The MCAT is a computer-based, multiple-choice exam that takes 7.5 hours to complete—almost the length of a typical workday! It consists of four sections.
Which MCAT study materials should I use for each section?
The Critical Analysis and Reasoning (CARS)
- The AAMC materials are the highest yield for studying for the CARS section, and we recommend going through these materials twice. The AAMC materials include Question Pack 1 and Question Pack 2, which are slightly more challenging, as well as AAMC Sample Tests 1-4, which have CARS questions that are more representative of those you’ll see on the actual exam (see “Which MCAT assessment tools should I use?” for more information). A one-year subscription to the online CARS AAMC question packs costs $15 each for a total of $30 versus $76.50 for the question pack bundle, which includes the two CARS question packs, two Biology question packs, a Chemistry question pack, and a Physics question pack. These subscriptions include answers and explanations, as well as breakdowns of your performance.
Science Sections
- To learn the content, the Princeton Review and Kaplan books are solid review resources. Either of these options can be used as your primary content source. Princeton Review is typically easier to understand, but Kaplan is a bit more comprehensive. We recommend getting either of the seven book bundles for the best value, and both come with three online practice tests with explanations. The Princeton Review box set costs $120.38, and the Kaplan set is slightly pricier at $180.36. These books are not sufficient on their own—it’s important to practice with sample questions to reinforce the material!
- If you prefer audio/video material, the Khan Academy videos and Jack Westin podcasts are great as well, especially since they are free resources, but these are often used as supplementary resources. Students have found that the Khan Academy videos can often have too much or too little detail. Similarly, the Jack Westin podcasts are great to listen to while driving or doing household chores, but they are not comprehensive of all the material you need to master for the Bio/BIochem and Chem/Phys sections.
- For review questions, the AAMC Section Bank is most representative of the actual exam and therefore the most high yield. The Section Bank costs $45 for 100 practice questions each for the Bio/Biochem, Chem/Phys, and Psych/Soc sections and includes access for a full year, as well as answers and explanations for each question. The Section Bank offers a mix of passage-based and discrete questions, as will be found on the exam, and is useful for finding gaps in your knowledge as any content found in the Section Bank is fair game for the MCAT.
- UWorld also has representative questions and lots of them, as outlined above (see CARS section for breakdown of costs). The best UWorld feature is the detailed, straightforward answer explanations. Students have often found themselves frustrated by the AAMC’s relatively limited answer questions. UWorld offers a high volume of questions as well as good, detailed explanations that emphasize important concepts and allow for quality content review even while doing questions.
- The AAMC Question Packs are relatively low-yield as these questions were pulled from the older exams before 2015 when the MCAT was radically modified to become a more analysis-based versus fact-based exam. These questions are shorter but can be useful to review a few days before the exam, though it isn’t essential. Each Question Pack includes 120 questions, some passage-based and some discrete questions. There are two question packs for biology and one each for chemistry and physics.
Psychological, Social, and Biological Functions of Behavior (Psych/Soc)
The Psych/Soc section is a relatively new section that is generally considered to be more straightforward. Some students have found this is the section they require the least preparation for, with introductory college classes covering most of the material well even before the dedicated MCAT studying period.
- The Kaplan review book is thorough and is our recommended resource to learn the content for this section. The Kaplan Behavioral Sciences review book costs $39.39 and provides a solid foundation of material for the Psych/Soc section, though some students prefer to use the book as a reference rather than reading through the entire book.
- The Princeton Review book also can be used and has useful summary charts. The Princeton Review Psychology and Sociology review book costs $33.15. Similarly, it would probably be most high yield to use the charts or relevant figures rather than reading through the entire book cover to cover.
- The Khan Academy notes on Reddit are great for content as well and many students opt to use this resource instead of any formal review books. The Khan Academy notes come in a 100-page version and a 300-page version, and we would recommend reviewing the 100-page version first.
- Finally, the Psych part of the Miles Down Anki deck is also helpful for learning content. Anki is a flashcard system that has seen increasing popularity in medical school over the last few years and is a good way to support long-term retention and learning. Most students prefer to use this resource as a supplement to a formal content resource (see above for three options).
- For practice questions, the AAMC Section Bank and UWorld are good resources. As mentioned above, the AAMC Section Bank costs $45 and includes 100 Psych/Soc practice questions, while UWorld can cost up to $329 for 360-Day access to 2,960+ questions (see CARS section for more detailed cost breakdown).
How should the MCAT study materials be used?
More is not necessarily better! Though we have suggested several resources and there are many more out there, you should not use too many resources. Prioritize the resources you do decide to use. Figure out which resources you would like to use to learn the content for each section and which resources you would like to use to practice questions.
Which MCAT assessment tools should I use?
In addition to learning content and practicing questions for each section, it is important to take full-length practice exams. This will provide a feel for the actual MCAT, build stamina for the exam, and allow you to assess your progress.
The AAMC exams are most useful for these purposes. You can take the AAMC Sample Test first, as it does not offer a score, only a percentage correct. This exam can be used to learn what it feels like to take the whole exam in one setting. AAMC Exams 1-4 are the most predictive exams for your score on the actual MCAT and each costs $35. Exam 1 should be taken in the first 2-3 weeks of studying. Don’t take the exams more frequently than a week apart as it takes a day just to review the exam and it takes time to see your score change. These exams are assessment tools, not practice tools like question banks
Finally, if you have additional time, you can also take the Next Step and Princeton Review exams, keeping in mind that they are more challenging and less representative.
How long does it take to prepare for the MCAT?
This also depends! We would recommend that you take a practice exam about once every week and that you take the five AAMC exams. So, five exams mean five weeks. If you’re adding the Next Step exams or want to space out the practice exams, then you might want to take 7-8 weeks. Two months is a good amount of time to study for the MCAT, especially if you can dedicate that period to studying. If your study period is too long, you risk forgetting some of the material you learned at the beginning of your study period or even burning out. This is just a guideline, however, and you can adjust the amount of time to your schedule and your needs.
Remember, also, that you’ve been preparing for the MCAT through all your pre-medical courses all along!
What are some strategies for the MCAT?
One of the most important strategies for the MCAT is to start questions from Day 1. A mistake that is often made is to separate studying time into content time and then question/assessment time. Students sometimes feel that they should learn content via traditional didactic content—i.e., books, videos, podcasts—before they attempt any questions. But questions are the best way to learn in the first place. Questions prime you to learn the content more efficiently.
When you review the questions you’ve answered, you can use a method called active reviewing. In this method, you go through all your questions first, simply marking correct and incorrect, without looking at the explanations. Next, go through and redo the questions you got wrong, just to make sure it wasn’t because of a simple mistake. If you still get the answer wrong, it is likely because of a content issue, and you can review the topic using the above resources. This makes the information more memorable as your brain is primed to learn it.
Another strategy you can use to structure your study time is subject spacing. This means you alternate the topics you study throughout the day. For example, you can start the morning with CARS, which would wake you up, then switch to the science sections, then psych/soc, then CARS again before lunch, before doing the same thing after lunch. This method allows you to cover a subject multiple times throughout the day, which helps you to consolidate the information. It also forces you to change focus, keeping you awake through a long study day.
Finally, we will address notetaking, or rather, limiting it. Students often take too many notes, as if in doing so, they will remember everything they write down. But the best way to learn is through active learning and copying notes from your resources is not active. Active learning involves recall, as with doing questions or flashcards. If you take notes, do so sparingly, focusing on topics/questions you’ve missed several times.
When should I retake the MCAT?
This depends both on your goal score and what you can do differently the next time you take the MCAT. You can consider retaking the exam if your score is significantly lower than your target score or if your score is imbalanced across sections (i.e. 129/122/130/128). It’s important, however, that you can demonstrate a significant score increase the next time around, at least 4-5 points. You can take the MCAT up to three times in a year, up to four times within two years, and up to seven times total in a lifetime. Remember that schools can see every time you’ve taken the exam and every score you’ve received.
How do I register for the MCAT?
You can register for the MCAT through the AAMC website:
https://students-residents.aamc.org/register-mcat-exam/register-mcat-exam.
You will need to create a free AAMC account first.
How much does it cost to register for the MCAT?
The MCAT is expensive, costing $320 to register for the exam. There is a fee assistance program (https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/applying-medical-school-process/fee-assistance-program/) through the AAMC, and often there are other programs through your college.
The MCAT journey is stressful, expensive, and intense. We hope that this blog post has made it a little less so and gives you a solid footing to start your MCAT journey.
Myan Bhoopalam graduated summa cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania as a Roy and Diana Vagelos Scholar with a triple major in Physics, Biochemistry, and Biophysics. He also concurrently completed a M.S. in Physics during his 4 years at Penn. He is currently a 4th year medical student at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is pursuing a residency position in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Ashley Zhou graduated with honors from Duke University as a member of Phi Beta Kappa, majoring in Neuroscience and minoring in Chemistry and Cultural Anthropology. She is currently a 4th year medical student at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She is applying into Ophthalmology for residency, with plans for a fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology.


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